The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantized version of the Hall effect which is observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, in which the Hall resistance Rxy exhibits steps that take on the quantized values See more The quantization of the Hall conductance ($${\displaystyle G_{xy}=1/R_{xy}}$$) has the important property of being exceedingly precise. Actual measurements of the Hall conductance have been found to … See more The integer quantum hall is considered part of exact quantization. Exact quantization in full generality is not completely understood but it has been explained as a very subtle manifestation of the combination of the principle of gauge invariance together … See more The quantum Hall effect, in addition to being observed in two-dimensional electron systems, can be observed in photons. Photons do not possess inherent electric charge, but through the manipulation of discrete optical resonators and coupling phases … See more The value of the von Klitzing constant may be obtained already on the level of a single atom within the Bohr model while looking at it as a single-electron Hall effect. While during the cyclotron motion on a circular orbit the centrifugal force is balanced by the See more The MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor), invented by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in … See more Landau levels In two dimensions, when classical electrons are subjected to a magnetic field they follow circular … See more The integers that appear in the Hall effect are examples of topological quantum numbers. They are known in mathematics as the first Chern numbers and are closely related to See more WebPublisher's Summary. The experimental discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) at the end of 1981 by Tsui, Stormer and Gossard was absolutely unexpected since, at this time, no theoretical work existed that could predict new struc- tures in the magnetotransport coefficients under conditions representing the extreme quantum limit.

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Integer and fractional quantum Hall effects - IOPscience

WebBefore the discovery of the IQHE by von Klitzing et al. [2.1] there were experimental indications of the existence of such an effect. The possibility of ρ xy quantization had also been considered theoretically by Ando et al. … WebThis quantization of the Hall resistance is now known as the integral quantum Hall effect because the plateaus occur at values of h / e2 divided by an integer. The quantity h / e2 has units of resistance and has a value of 25812.807557 (18) Ω (Note: (18) is the uncertainty in the two least significant digits of the value). WebA review is given of recent experiments testing the two-parameter scaling theory of the integral quantum Hall effect. The temperature driven flow diagram in the σ XX (T) vs. σ xy (T) of the two-dimensional electrons in InGaAs-InP, measured from 10K to 50mk, shows scaling behavior and is consistent with the theory. Download conference paper PDF. layoutlmv2 notebook